{"id":2608,"date":"2020-11-27T09:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-11-27T09:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danielleal.pt\/?p=2608"},"modified":"2020-11-27T10:14:11","modified_gmt":"2020-11-27T10:14:11","slug":"iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Iron Overload &#8211; The Danger of Accumulation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Iron is an essential mineral in the body. Iron deficiency is the most common imbalance, especially in women of childbearing age. However, when in excess, iron can also cause problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Hemoglobin is the protein that allows the transport of oxygen in red blood cells, ultimately supplying energy to all cells in the body.<\/b> Iron is an integral part of hemoglobin, thus playing an absolutely vital role. In addition, other proteins and enzymes in the body also have iron in their constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2612 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.danielleal.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/fig1_artigo_Ferro_daniel_leal_EN.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"507\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #5e5e5e;\">Fig. 1 &#8211; Hemoglobin structure with 4 peptide chains. Each chain has a heme group in its core, which contains iron.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">How much iron is there in the body?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">In normal conditions, there are 3 to 4 grams of iron in the body, distributed as follows (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-patient-with-suspected-iron-overload\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><\/a>):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Hemoglobin<\/b> &#8211; about 2.5 grams;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Other proteins and enzymes<\/b> (myoglobin, cytochromes, catalase) &#8211; 400 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Iron bound to transferrin<\/b> (plasma transport protein) &#8211; 3-7 mg<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Iron reserves in the form of ferritin<\/b> &#8211; about 1 gram.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">How is the iron content regulated?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">There must be a balance between the absorption and excretion of iron so that the concentration remains stable. <b>Usually, 1-2 mg per day is absorbed through the intestine, and daily losses are similar.<\/b> However, in menstruating women periods contribute to additional iron losses, and supplementation is often necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">How, then, can iron accumulate at dangerous levels?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Some people are better at absorbing dietary iron. <b>This is due to mutations in the HFE gene, which controls intestinal iron absorption.<\/b> If there is a mutation in more than one allele, the person may develop hereditary hemochromatosis, in which there is an accumulation of toxic iron levels. <b>These mutations are relatively common, being present in 4-5% of the European population.<\/b> People with only one mutation may also develop iron overload, so it is important to monitor these markers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">There are other causes of iron overload, such as recurrent blood transfusions in patients with chronic anemia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Why is iron toxic when in excess?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">When the amount of iron in circulation exceeds its transport capacity, it begins to deposit in tissues, especially in the liver, heart, and endocrine glands (such as the testicles and pancreas, for example). <b>Like other metals, iron participates in chemical reactions that lead to the production of reactive oxygen species <\/b>(also known as free radicals). These compounds are powerful oxidizing agents, which can damage cellular structures, such as membrane lipids and even DNA, if there is not enough antioxidant response.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">What consequences can iron overload have?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">In its most severe form, iron overload can lead to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>liver changes<\/b> with eventual progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>cardiac deposition<\/b> with abnormal electrical conduction and cardiomyopathy;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>diabetes<\/b> due to destruction of \u03b2 cells in the pancreas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>hypogonadism<\/b> due to deposition in the gonads (testicles and ovaries);<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>joint pain and arthritis. <\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Even in less severe forms, iron overload can have a significant impact. A longitudinal study that followed about 6000 patients in the UK over a 7-year period, stratified the sample according to ferritin levels. <strong>The authors concluded that in men with iron storage above normal, the mortality rate from all causes was higher.<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5462410\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">2<\/span><\/a>) In women, the same association was not registered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2627 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.danielleal.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/fig2_Artigo_Ferro_daniel_leal_EN.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"751\" height=\"425\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #5e5e5e;\">Fig. 2 &#8211; The liver is the most affected organ in iron overload.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">From the metabolic point of view, what impact does iron have?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">A 2018 meta-analysis showed that excessive iron stores are associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome features, which are cardiovascular risk factors (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29886355\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">3<\/span><\/a>). The metabolic syndrome<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>consists of the presence of 3 of the following factors:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>increased abdominal circumference <\/b>&#8211; visceral fat marker;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>high triglycerides<\/b>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>low<\/b> <b>HDL cholesterol <\/b>(commonly known as the \u201cgood\u201d cholesterol);<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>high blood pressure<\/b>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>increased fasting blood sugar<\/b> &#8211; a marker of insulin resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Uric acid levels are also affected by excessive iron concentrations in the body. Inclusively there is a correlation between gout attacks and iron overload (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30111358\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\">4<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">How is the diagnosis of iron overload made?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The laboratory parameters used to detect iron overload are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Ferritin<\/b> &#8211; abnormal when above 300 ng \/ mL in men or 200 ng \/ mL in women;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Transferrin saturation<\/b> &#8211; normal when below 45%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">If these markers suggest iron overload, <b>hereditary hemochromatosis genetic testing should be performed. <\/b>To quantify the iron deposits, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging can be used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #35b5a3;\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">What is the treatment for iron overload?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Generally, <b>treatment consists of removing iron from the body through phlebotomies. <\/b>Remember that most of the iron is in circulation, in hemoglobin. With a 500 mL phlebotomy, about 200 mg of iron is removed, so the frequency of the procedure should vary according to the severity of the overload.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Periodic phlebotomies, with decreasing levels of ferritin, contribute to the normalization of blood pressure and insulin sensitivity markers in affected patients. <\/b>(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22647517\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s3\">5<\/span><\/a><span class=\"s1\">) Patients prone to this condition should also have some dietary precautions, avoiding excessive consumption of the main sources of iron in the diet, namely red meat and shellfish.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Iron metabolism is yet another example that everything in the body is meticulously controlled, and it must respect a certain balance. When in excess, iron has a negative impact on the physiology of various organ systems.<b> This is a relatively common and easily diagnosed problem, so it should be part of the routine clinical evaluation.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>References:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s4\">1. Bacon, B &amp; Kwiatkowski, J. (2020). <\/span><span class=\"s1\">Approach to the patient with suspected iron overload<\/span><span class=\"s4\">. In J. S. Tirnauer (Ed.),\u00a0UpToDate. Retrieved November 21, 2021 from<\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-patient-with-suspected-iron-overload\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s5\">https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-patient-with-suspected-iron-overload<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">2. Kadoglou NPE, Biddulph JP, Rafnsson SB, Trivella M, Nihoyannopoulos P, Demakakos P.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5462410\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s5\">The association of ferritin with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in community-dwellers: The English longitudinal study of ageing.<\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178994. Published 2017 Jun 7<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">3. Su\u00e1rez-Orteg\u00f3n MF, Ensaldo-Carrasco E, Shi T, McLachlan S, Fern\u00e1ndez-Real JM, Wild SH. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29886355\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s5\">Ferritin, metabolic syndrome and its components: A systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/span><\/a> Atherosclerosis. 2018 Aug;275:97-106.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">4. Fatima T, McKinney C, Major TJ, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Iverson C, Merriman TR, Miner JN.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30111358\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s5\">The relationship between ferritin and urate levels and risk of gout<\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s1\">. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Aug 15;20(1):179.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><span class=\"s1\">5. Houschyar KS, L\u00fcdtke R, Dobos GJ, Kalus U, Broecker-Preuss M, Rampp T, Brinkhaus B, Michalsen A.<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22647517\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s5\">Effects of phlebotomy-induced reduction of body iron stores on metabolic syndrome: results from a randomized clinical trial<\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s1\">. BMC Med. 2012 May 30;10:54.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iron is an essential mineral in the body. Iron deficiency is the most common imbalance, especially in women of childbearing age. However, when in excess, iron can also cause problems. Hemoglobin is the protein that allows the transport of oxygen in red blood cells, ultimately supplying energy to all cells in the body. Iron is&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[44,47],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Iron is an essential mineral in the body. Iron deficiency is the most common imbalance, especially in women of childbearing age. However, when in excess, iron can also cause problems. Hemoglobin is the protein that allows the transport of oxygen in red blood cells, ultimately supplying energy to all cells in the body. Iron is...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dr. Daniel Leal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dr-Daniel-Leal-2036302609952966\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-27T09:00:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-27T10:14:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/blog_daniel-leal_sobrecarga_ferro.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"newings\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"newings\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/\",\"name\":\"Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-27T09:00:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-27T10:14:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/17772d7b540c32c1d130c3ca033891b7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Iron Overload &#8211; The Danger of Accumulation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/\",\"name\":\"Dr. Daniel Leal\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/17772d7b540c32c1d130c3ca033891b7\",\"name\":\"newings\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6e120070b7148d1823e16e077964185?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6e120070b7148d1823e16e077964185?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"newings\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/author\/newings\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal","og_description":"Iron is an essential mineral in the body. Iron deficiency is the most common imbalance, especially in women of childbearing age. However, when in excess, iron can also cause problems. Hemoglobin is the protein that allows the transport of oxygen in red blood cells, ultimately supplying energy to all cells in the body. Iron is...","og_url":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/","og_site_name":"Dr. Daniel Leal","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dr-Daniel-Leal-2036302609952966\/","article_published_time":"2020-11-27T09:00:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-11-27T10:14:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1500,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/blog_daniel-leal_sobrecarga_ferro.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"newings","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"newings","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/","url":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/","name":"Iron Overload - The Danger of Accumulation - Dr. Daniel Leal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-11-27T09:00:29+00:00","dateModified":"2020-11-27T10:14:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/17772d7b540c32c1d130c3ca033891b7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/iron-overload-the-danger-of-accumulation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Iron Overload &#8211; The Danger of Accumulation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#website","url":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/","name":"Dr. Daniel Leal","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/17772d7b540c32c1d130c3ca033891b7","name":"newings","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6e120070b7148d1823e16e077964185?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e6e120070b7148d1823e16e077964185?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"newings"},"url":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/author\/newings\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2608"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2639,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2608\/revisions\/2639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/danielleal.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}